Christopher Gandrud
(간드루드 크리스토파)

This map shows the rapid growth in the number of countries with explicit deposit guarantee programs. When a government creates this type of program they have to choose who will govern it: the ministry of finance (i.e. direct government control), the central bank, or a specialised entity, like the United State's Deposit Insurance Corporation. Specialised deposit insurers may be indirectly accountable to some combination of the government, the central bank, or other actors. Generally, they are not accountable to only one, so we can think of them as having delegated powers. For more information see: Gandrud (2011) .

This visualisation shows when countries gave their securities supervisors English names similar to "Financial Services Authority" (FSA), "Securities & Exchange Commission" (SEC), or other. Countries can choose certain names for their supervisors to indicate to financial markets and other governments that they are following international norms and standards. We can see that between the 1980s and 2007 there are two trends. The first is to use a name similar to the United State's SEC. The second is based on the United Kingdom's FSA, which was created in 1997. These name changes are associated with evolving international standards and reforms in actual governance practices. For further details see Gandrud (2011) .